When ignoring rolling resistance, acceleration, and optimum engine RPM, the most efficient uphill speed is the downhill coasting terminal velocity.
Derivation: Assume there is no rolling resistance so that the force against the car from friction is all air resistance.
F1 = cv^2
where c is the drag coefficient for given car and air conditions. The energy lost to air friction is:
E1 = dF1 = dcv^2 where d is the distance travelled.
The net work energy in reaching the top of the hill is:
E2 = mgh where h=d sin(angle)
The energy the engine must provide is:
E1 + E2 = dcv^2 + mgd sin(A).
Let d = t/v where t is time that d was travelled:
I want to find the v that minimizes E1+E2, so take the derivative with respect to v and set it to zero:
0 = tc - mgt/v^2 sin (A)
v = SQRT(mg sin(A) / c)
I can measure c by letting the car roll downhill. Let constant V be the terminal speed the car rolls downhill which is when the air resistance equals the force downward.
F1 = F2 = cV^2 = mg sin(A)
Solving for c and plugging into equation for F1 gives
v = V
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